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दोहा श्रीगुरु चरन सरोज रज , निजमन मुकुरु सुधारि। बरनउं रघुबर बिमल जसु, जो दायक फल चारि।। बुद्धिहीन तनु जानिके, सुमिरौं पवन-कुमार। बल बुधि बिद्या देहु मोहिं, हरहु कलेस बिकार।। चौपाई जय हनुमान ज्ञान गुन सागर। जय कपीस तिहुं लोक उजागर।। राम दूत अतुलित बल धामा। अंजनि-पुत्र पवनसुत नामा।। महाबीर बिक्रम बजरंगी। कुमति निवार सुमति के संगी।। कंचन बरन बिराज सुबेसा। कानन कुण्डल कुँचित केसा।। हाथ बज्र औ ध्वजा बिराजे। कांधे मूंज जनेउ साजे।। शंकर सुवन केसरी नंदन। तेज प्रताप महा जग वंदन।। बिद्यावान गुनी अति चातुर। राम काज करिबे को आतुर।। प्रभु चरित्र सुनिबे को रसिया। राम लखन सीता मन बसिया।। सूक्ष्म रूप धरि सियहिं दिखावा। बिकट रूप धरि लंक जरावा।। भीम रूप धरि असुर संहारे। रामचन्द्र के काज संवारे।। लाय सजीवन लखन जियाये। श्री रघुबीर हरषि उर लाये।। रघुपति कीन्ही बहुत बड़ाई। तुम मम प्रिय भरतहि सम भाई।। सहस बदन तुम्हरो जस गावैं। अस कहि श्रीपति कण्ठ लगावैं।। सनकादिक ब्रह्मादि मुनीसा। नारद सारद सहित अहीसा।। जम कुबेर दिगपाल जहां ते। कबि कोबिद कहि सके कहां ते।। तुम उपकार सुग्रीवहिं कीन्हा। राम मिलाय राज पद दीन्हा।। तुम्हरो मंत्र बिभीषन माना। लंकेश्वर भए सब जग जाना।। जुग सहस्र जोजन पर भानु। लील्यो ताहि मधुर फल जानू।। प्रभु मुद्रिका मेलि मुख माहीं। जलधि लांघि गये अचरज नाहीं।। दुर्गम काज जगत के जेते। सुगम अनुग्रह तुम्हरे तेते।। राम दुआरे तुम रखवारे। होत न आज्ञा बिनु पैसारे।। सब सुख लहै तुम्हारी सरना। तुम रच्छक काहू को डर ना।। आपन तेज सम्हारो आपै। तीनों लोक हांक तें कांपै।। भूत पिसाच निकट नहिं आवै। महाबीर जब नाम सुनावै।। नासै रोग हरे सब पीरा। जपत निरन्तर हनुमत बीरा।। संकट तें हनुमान छुड़ावै। मन क्रम बचन ध्यान जो लावै।। सब पर राम तपस्वी राजा। तिन के काज सकल तुम साजा।। और मनोरथ जो कोई लावै। सोई अमित जीवन फल पावै।। चारों जुग परताप तुम्हारा। है परसिद्ध जगत उजियारा।। साधु संत के तुम रखवारे।। असुर निकन्दन राम दुलारे।। अष्टसिद्धि नौ निधि के दाता। अस बर दीन जानकी माता।। राम रसायन तुम्हरे पासा। सदा रहो रघुपति के दासा।। तुह्मरे भजन राम को पावै। जनम जनम के दुख बिसरावै।। अंत काल रघुबर पुर जाई। जहां जन्म हरिभक्त कहाई।। और देवता चित्त न धरई। हनुमत सेइ सर्ब सुख करई।। सङ्कट कटै मिटै सब पीरा। जो सुमिरै हनुमत बलबीरा।। जय जय जय हनुमान गोसाईं। कृपा करहु गुरुदेव की नाईं।। जो सत बार पाठ कर कोई। छूटहि बन्दि महा सुख होई।। जो यह पढ़ै हनुमान चालीसा। होय सिद्धि साखी गौरीसा।। तुलसीदास सदा हरि चेरा। कीजै नाथ हृदय महं डेरा।। दोहा पवनतनय संकट हरन, मंगल मूरति रूप। राम लखन सीता सहित, हृदय बसहु सुर भूप।।
Doha: Having polished the mirror of my heart with the dust of my Guru's lotus feet, I narrate the pure glory of Lord Rama, which bestows the four fruits of life (Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha). Knowing this body to be devoid of intelligence, I remember the Son of Wind (Hanuman). Please bestow upon me strength, wisdom, and knowledge, and remove all my sufferings and flaws. Chaupai: Victory to Hanuman, the ocean of wisdom and virtue. Victory to the Lord of Monkeys, who illuminates the three worlds. You are Rama's messenger, the abode of matchless power. Son of Anjani, known as Pavanputra (son of the wind). Great hero, mighty as a thunderbolt (Vajrangi). You dispel evil thoughts and are a companion to the virtuous. Your complexion is golden, and you are splendidly adorned. With earrings in your ears and curly hair. A mace and a banner shine in your hands. A sacred thread of Munja grass adorns your shoulder. Incarnation of Shiva, son of Kesari. Your glory and valor are worshipped throughout the world. You are learned, virtuous, and extremely clever. Always eager to perform Lord Rama's tasks. You delight in listening to the tales of the Lord. Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita reside in your heart. You assumed a tiny form to appear before Sita. And took a terrifying form to burn Lanka. You took a colossal form to destroy demons. And accomplished Lord Rama's tasks. You brought the Sanjeevani herb and revived Lakshmana. Lord Rama embraced you joyfully. Rama praised you greatly. Saying, "You are as dear to me as my brother Bharata." Thousands of mouths sing your praises. Saying this, the Lord of Sita embraced you. Sages like Sanaka, Brahma, and other great ascetics. Narada, Sharada, along with the king of serpents (Ahisha). Even Yama, Kubera, and the guardians of the directions. No poet or scholar can describe your glory. You rendered great service to Sugriva. By uniting him with Rama, you helped him regain his kingdom. Vibhishana heeded your counsel. And became the king of Lanka, as the whole world knows. Knowing the sun to be a sweet fruit, you swallowed it At a distance of thousands of Yojanas (leagues). Placing Lord Rama's ring in your mouth. You crossed the ocean, which was no wonder for you. All the difficult tasks in the world. Become easy by your grace. You are the guardian at Rama's door. None can enter without your permission. All happiness is found by taking refuge in you. When you are the protector, there is no fear. You alone can control your own power. The three worlds tremble at your roar. Ghosts and evil spirits do not come near. When the brave Hanuman's name is uttered. Diseases are destroyed, and all pain vanishes. By continuously chanting the name of brave Hanuman. Hanuman delivers from crisis. Anyone who meditates on him with mind, word, and deed. Rama is the supreme ascetic king. You accomplished all his tasks. And whoever brings any desire to you. Attains the boundless fruit of life. Your glory extends through all four ages. Your renown illuminates the world. You are the protector of saints and sages. The destroyer of demons, and beloved of Rama. You are the bestower of eight siddhis (supernatural powers) and nine nidhis (treasures). Such a boon was granted to you by Mother Janaki (Sita). The elixir of Rama's name is with you. May you always remain a servant of Lord Raghupati. Through devotion to you, one attains Rama. And forgets the sorrows of many lifetimes. At the end of life, one goes to the abode of Raghubar (Rama). And is known as a devotee of Hari (Vishnu) wherever born. One need not contemplate any other deity. Serving Hanuman brings all happiness. All troubles cease, all pain vanishes. For those who remember the mighty Hanuman. Victory, victory, victory to Lord Hanuman. Bestow your grace upon me, like a Guru. Whoever recites this a hundred times. Is freed from bondage and attains great bliss. Whoever reads this Hanuman Chalisa. Attains perfection, with Lord Shiva as witness. Tulsidas is always a servant of Hari. O Lord, make your abode in my heart. Doha: Son of the Wind, remover of troubles, embodiment of auspiciousness. Reside in my heart, O King of Gods, along with Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita.
The Hanuman Chalisa is a profound and widely cherished devotional hymn within the Hindu tradition, making it an indispensable addition to the Swariti folk song and cultural archive. Composed by the revered 16th-century saint-poet Goswami Tulsidas, this forty-verse (chalisa means forty) prayer is a testament to the enduring power of faith and devotion. Its inclusion in the archive is crucial not only for its widespread popularity but also for its deep cultural, historical, and spiritual significance. Historically, the Hanuman Chalisa emerged during a pivotal period in India, under the rule of the Mughal Empire. Tulsidas, a staunch devotee of Lord Rama, penned this hymn in Awadhi, a vernacular dialect of Hindi, a revolutionary act that democratized access to spiritual wisdom. Prior to this, many religious texts were primarily in Sanskrit, limiting their reach to a select few. By composing in a language accessible to the common person, Tulsidas ensured that the profound teachings and stories of Lord Hanuman could resonate with a broader audience, fostering a sense of collective devotion and cultural identity. The popular narrative of Tulsidas composing the Chalisa while imprisoned by Emperor Akbar, and the subsequent miraculous intervention of monkeys, further imbues the hymn with a legendary aura, highlighting the protective power attributed to Lord Hanuman. In terms of performance and usage, the Hanuman Chalisa transcends mere ritual. It is a living tradition, recited daily by millions across India and the Hindu diaspora. Its rhythmic structure and simple yet powerful verses make it easy to memorize and chant, contributing to its pervasive presence in homes, temples, and community gatherings. Devotees turn to the Hanuman Chalisa in various contexts: for solace during times of distress, for courage to overcome obstacles, for protection from negative influences, and to cultivate inner strength and wisdom. The act of chanting is often seen as a form of meditation, promoting mental peace and emotional well-being. Its recitation is particularly significant on Tuesdays and Saturdays, days traditionally dedicated to Lord Hanuman. Thematically, the Hanuman Chalisa is a rich tapestry of devotion, strength, wisdom, and selfless service. It extols the virtues of Lord Hanuman, portraying him as the embodiment of unwavering loyalty to Lord Rama, immense physical and spiritual power, profound knowledge, and humility. Each verse highlights a specific quality or heroic deed of Hanuman, from his childhood feat of swallowing the sun to his pivotal role in the Ramayana, including his journey to Lanka and his act of bringing the Sanjeevani herb to revive Lakshmana. These narratives serve as moral lessons and sources of inspiration, encouraging devotees to emulate Hanuman's qualities in their own lives. The hymn emphasizes that true strength lies in devotion and self-surrender, and that by remembering Hanuman, one can overcome any adversity. For the Swariti archive, the Hanuman Chalisa represents a cornerstone of devotional folk tradition. It is a testament to the enduring power of oral tradition and the ability of spiritual poetry to shape cultural values and provide comfort across generations. Its continued relevance in contemporary society, both as a spiritual practice and a cultural touchstone, underscores its importance. Documenting this hymn, its translations, historical context, and cultural impact, provides invaluable insight into the rich tapestry of Indian devotional music and its profound influence on the lives of millions.
Historical Background
The Hanuman Chalisa was composed by the revered saint-poet Goswami Tulsidas in the 16th century CE, a period when the Mughal Empire was at its peak in India. [2, 3, 5, 10] Tulsidas, best known for his epic *Ramcharitmanas*, played a significant role in popularizing the Bhakti (devotion) movement through his works in Awadhi and other local languages. [2, 3, 22] His decision to write in Awadhi, a regional dialect of Hindi, was a radical departure from the formal Sanskrit of the era, making sacred texts accessible to the common people regardless of their caste or educational background. [5, 22] According to popular belief, Tulsidas composed the Hanuman Chalisa while imprisoned by the Mughal emperor Akbar. [2, 3, 6, 9, 11] Legend has it that Akbar, hearing of Tulsidas's fame, summoned him to perform a miracle. When Tulsidas declined, stating he was merely a devotee of God, he was incarcerated. [2, 3, 11] During his imprisonment, Tulsidas turned to Lord Hanuman, composing the 40 verses of the Chalisa. [2, 3] It is said that upon its recitation, a troop of monkeys wreaked havoc in Akbar's court, leading to Tulsidas's release. [2, 11, 14] Another perspective suggests the hymn was an act of gratitude to Hanuman, whom Tulsidas viewed as the ultimate symbol of service, loyalty, and strength, aiming to inspire others to emulate these qualities. [2, 6]
Cultural Significance
The Hanuman Chalisa holds immense cultural significance in Hinduism, serving as one of the most popular and widely recited devotional hymns. [2, 5, 10] It is revered as a timeless ode to devotion, with Lord Hanuman embodying faith, surrender, and unwavering loyalty to Lord Rama. [1, 12] Millions of Hindus recite it daily, often as a morning ritual or during times of distress, believing it provides spiritual comfort, mental peace, and protection from negative forces. [5, 12] The hymn's verses encapsulate highly valued qualities in Hindu culture, such as bravery, loyalty, devotion, and righteousness, inspiring individuals to face challenges with courage and uphold their moral and ethical values. [5, 7] Beyond its religious importance, the Hanuman Chalisa has profoundly impacted Hindu culture by making spiritual teachings accessible to the common people. [5] Composed in Awadhi, a vernacular dialect of Hindi, by the 16th-century saint-poet Tulsidas, it democratized prayer, allowing people from all social and economic backgrounds to express devotion and seek blessings. [5, 22] Its rhythmic structure and profound spiritual message have ensured its enduring appeal, making it a cornerstone of Hindu devotional practices, from household prayers to temple recitations. [2, 5] The Hanuman Chalisa is not merely a prayer but a cultural artifact that continues to inspire generations globally, offering solace, strength, and a path to spiritual growth. [5, 25]
Usage & Performance Context
The Hanuman Chalisa is a widely recited devotional hymn in Hinduism, with millions of devotees chanting it daily. [5, 10] It is commonly recited as a morning ritual in households and during times of distress, offering spiritual comfort and protection. [5] Traditionally, Tuesdays and Saturdays are considered auspicious days for Hanuman worship, and the Chalisa is frequently recited on these days. [10, 27] It is also a staple in many Hindu rituals and festivals, particularly those dedicated to Lord Hanuman, such as Hanuman Jayanti. [5, 22] The Chalisa is performed by individuals of all ages and backgrounds, often as a personal prayer or in communal settings like temples. [5, 25] Devotees recite it to seek courage, remove fear, overcome obstacles, and receive blessings for health, success, and spiritual growth. [2, 6, 7] The rhythmic chanting is believed to reduce stress, enhance focus, and foster emotional well-being. [2, 25] While often sung, it is also recited silently or listened to, with many instrumental versions available. [26, 29, 31, 32] The act of reciting the Chalisa is seen as a means to connect with Hanuman's divine energy and qualities, fostering devotion and inner strength. [8, 25]
Who composed the Hanuman Chalisa?
The Hanuman Chalisa was composed by the 16th-century saint-poet Goswami Tulsidas, who is also renowned for writing the epic *Ramcharitmanas*. [2, 3, 10]
What is the meaning of 'Chalisa'?
The word 'Chalisa' is derived from the Hindi word 'chalis', which means forty, referring to the forty verses (chaupais) that constitute the main body of the hymn. [10, 21, 22]
Why was the Hanuman Chalisa written in Awadhi?
Tulsidas composed the Hanuman Chalisa in Awadhi, a vernacular dialect of Hindi, to make the spiritual teachings and the hymn accessible to common people, democratizing devotion beyond the formal Sanskrit language. [2, 5, 10, 22]
What are the benefits of reciting the Hanuman Chalisa?
Devotees believe that reciting the Hanuman Chalisa bestows protection from illness, adversaries, and adversities, grants strength, wisdom, and courage, removes fear and negative energies, and helps in overcoming obstacles and achieving success. [1, 2, 6, 7, 12, 25]
When is the Hanuman Chalisa typically recited?
The Hanuman Chalisa is recited daily by millions of Hindus, often as a morning prayer. It is particularly popular on Tuesdays and Saturdays, which are traditionally dedicated to Lord Hanuman, and during festivals like Hanuman Jayanti. [5, 10, 27]
Region
India
Language
Hindi
Themes
Contributor
Swariti
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